Psychology Introduction to Cognitive Biases

The Course of Uncomfortable Ideas

Facts Don't Care About Feelings. Science Isn't Concerned About Sensibilities. Reality Couldn't Care Less About Rage.

Thanks in part to the sponsorship of The Book, "Uncomfortable Ideas" by Bo Bennett, PhD, this course is made available to you at a substantial discount. Sponsors have a subtle mention under the course title and links in the course resources — there are no intrusive image-based ads or audio ads in the course.
The Course of Uncomfortable Ideas logo
Quick Course Facts
62
Self-paced, Online, Lessons
62
Videos and/or Narrated Presentations
6.7
Approximate Hours of Course Media
About the The Course of Uncomfortable Ideas Course

This is a course designed to help college-age and adult students appreciate and even celebrate questioning the unquestionable, thinking the unthinkable, and facing reality head on, no matter what that reality is. It is a course about uncomfortable ideas.

  • Learn how problematic our brains can be when it comes to reality
  • Learn why entertaining uncomfortable ideas is so important
  • Learn why we avoid uncomfortable ideas
  • Learn why we refuse to accept uncomfortable facts
  • Learn strategies that help facilitate reason and fight these cognitive biases that lead to poor decision making and irrational beliefs
  • Hear over 100 uncomfortable ideas!

This is a course about uncomfortable ideas—the reasons we avoid them, the reasons we shouldn’t, and discussion of dozens of examples that might infuriate you, offend you, or at least make you uncomfortable.

Many of our ideas about the world are based more on feelings than facts, sensibilities than science, and rage than reality. We gravitate toward ideas that make us feel comfortable in areas such as religion, politics, philosophy, social justice, love and sex, humanity, and morality. We avoid ideas that make us feel uncomfortable. This avoidance is a largely unconscious process that affects our judgment and gets in the way of our ability to reach rational and reasonable conclusions. By understanding how our mind works in this area, we can start embracing uncomfortable ideas and be better informed, be more understanding of others, and make better decisions in all areas of life.

Course Lessons

Full lesson breakdown

Lessons are organized by topic area and each includes descriptive copy for search visibility and student clarity.

Introduction

4 lessons

In this section, we will cover cognitive biases and why they are important, I will share a few words about myself, and we'll explore "political correctness." In section two, we look at the meaning of …

Lesson 2: Cognitive Biases

7 min
A cognitive bias is like an illusion for the mind. It is a deviation from rationality in judgment. 

Lesson 3: A Few Words About Me

3 min
As a social psychologist, my goal is to see issues as objectively as possible while recognizing my own biases.

Lesson 4: Political Correctness

5 min
Political correctness is defined as “the avoidance, often considered as taken to extremes, of forms of expression or action that are perceived to exclude, marginalize, or insult groups of people…

The Uncomfortable Idea

10 lessons

Lesson 5: The Uncomfortable Idea

5 min

Lesson 6: Avoiding Uncomfortable Ideas

5 min

Lesson 7: Why it is Important to Entertain Uncomfortable Ideas and Accept Uncomfortable Facts and Truths

12 min
In this video we cover Credibility, Expose Dangerous Thinking, Attempting to Solve the Wrong Problem, and Treating Symptoms and Not the Disease.

Lesson 8: Understanding Unintended Consequences

5 min
When we get caught up in ideology and political correctness, we overlook the downside of our actions.

Lesson 9: Identity Politics is a Dangerous Game

4 min
Another example of the unintended consequences of avoiding uncomfortable ideas has to do with identity politics, or a political style that focuses on the issues relevant to various groups defined by a…

Lesson 10: Understanding Reduces Animosity

4 min
Depending on how passionate one might be about certain issues, one can dislike or even hate people who hold opposite views on those issues. If we want to understand why someone holds the idea they do,…

Lesson 11: Avoiding Manipulation

4 min
Very often, one who presents fringe ideas is well aware of the common objections to the idea and like a good salesperson has crafted answers that address the objections.

Lesson 12: The Importance of a Shared Reality

4 min
One unifying force of humanity is our shared reality. Similarities bring people together while differences tend to tear us apart.

Lesson 13: Embracing Uncomfortable Ideas

4 min

Lesson 14: The Conscious, Unconscious, Group, and Individual Aspects of Avoidance

22 min
Within the context of avoiding uncomfortable ideas, “avoiding” can refer to a) keeping the idea from entering one’s own thoughts or b) the conscious decision to not think about, investigate, or consid…

Uncomfortable Ideas and the Reasons Why We Avoid Them

21 lessons

Lesson 15: Uncomfortable Ideas and the Reasons Why We Avoid Them

3 min
We can sum up all the reasons why we avoid uncomfortable ideas with the phenomenon known as "motivated reasoning." This describes how emotionally-charged ideas undergo a qualitatively distinct reasoni…

Lesson 16: Unconscious Avoidance

4 min
Most of the unconscious reasons fall under the general category of self-preservation and are a result of the self-serving bias, which is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the ne…

Lesson 17: Cognitive DissonanceCognitive Dissonance (03:05)

4 min
What do you think of Adolf Hitler? If I had to guess, I would say you think he was a monster. We accept that a monster can be responsible for the murder of six million Jews, but the moment we humanize…

Lesson 18: Semmelweis Reflex

4 min

Lesson 19: Overcompensation

8 min
We overcompensate for these positive feelings by publicly refusing to entertain these ideas.

Lesson 20: Reaction Formation

5 min
Sigmund Freud introduced the idea of defense mechanisms, which are unconscious psychological mechanisms that reduce anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful stimuli, or in our case, un…

Lesson 21: Intolerance of Nuance and Ambiguity

16 min
Being comfortable with or even just tolerating nuance and ambiguity is not a common characteristic found in most people.

Lesson 22: Feeling Over Fact

4 min
Some ideas, especially those based strongly on reason and logic, can be seen as “cold,” “calculating,” and “lacking humanity.” When exposed to ideas like these, we …

Lesson 23: Uncomfortable and Unfalsifiable

4 min

Lesson 24: Protecting Sacred Beliefs

9 min
In this context, we can define sacred beliefs as beliefs that are off limits to criticism, doubt, or critical thought.

Lesson 25: Conscious Avoidance

4 min
Most of the conscious reasons we avoid uncomfortable ideas fall under the general category of fear of the consequences.

Lesson 26: Fear of the Slippery Slope

4 min

Lesson 27: Fear For Society

9 min
Sometimes we fear that the truth will have a negative impact on society, so the "right" choice is to live the lie.

Lesson 28: We Don’t Want To Be Seen As "Unpatriotic"

14 min
Patriotism is defined as “an emotional attachment to a nation which an individual recognizes as their homeland.” This is a highly subjective term, and patriotism can be expressed in many ways. People …

Lesson 29: The Desire to Hold Popular Views or the Fear of Social Response

33 min
Social interaction and relationships have been shown to be one of the greatest indicators of well-being. We maintain positive relationships by being agreeable and not argumentative or contrarian. Rath…

Lesson 30: Fantasy is Sometimes Better Than Reality

7 min
Nature has not made it a priority that we know the truth—not when the truth interferes with survival or reproduction. As mentioned, the self-serving bias is our brain’s way of interpreting…

Lesson 31: The Work of Satan

4 min
Yes, there are still an alarming number of people who genuinely believe that entertaining certain ideas is “the work of Satan.”

Lesson 32: Fear of Entertaining Evil, Sick, or Immoral Thoughts

9 min
We avoid entertaining ideas that just feel wrong simply because the ideas to us are automatically interpreted as evil, sick, or immoral. The ironic part is, unless we entertain these thoughts, we cann…

Lesson 33: Fear of Questioning / Refusal To Question Authority

5 min
Some refuse to entertain ideas that go against an authority figure in fear that they will be punished for questioning authority, displaying a lack of loyalty, showing a lack of faith in the authority,…

Lesson 34: Fear of Confusing Support for Personal Desire

5 min

Lesson 35: Fear of Exposing Our Own Demons

7 min
Those thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are not consistent with the kind of person we think we should be are our metaphorical demons. We don’t like ideas that remind us of how we fail to live up t…

Why We Refuse To Accept Uncomfortable Ideas

12 lessons

Lesson 36: Why We Refuse To Accept Uncomfortable Ideas

4 min
When a person refuses to entertain an uncomfortable idea, they shield themselves from evidence and facts that could cause them to accept the idea.

Lesson 37: Evaluating Evidence

4 min

Lesson 38: Awareness

3 min
It should go without saying that one cannot evaluate evidence without being aware of the evidence.

Lesson 39: Believability

4 min
Believability in this context refers to knowing what level of trust one should have in the source as well as knowing what constitutes evidence and how to tell the difference between strong and weak ev…

Lesson 40: Comprehension

5 min

Lesson 41: Belief-Related Cognitive Biases and Effects

3 min
Thanks to belief-related cognitive biases and effects, sometimes facts, evidence, and reason don’t stand a chance.

Lesson 42: Backfire Effect

3 min

Lesson 43: Belief Bias

3 min

Lesson 44: Confirmation Bias

3 min

Lesson 45: Ostrich Effect

3 min

Lesson 46: Status Quo Bias

3 min

Lesson 47: Refusal to Accept Due to Refusal to Reject

5 min
We need to remember that there are often two sides to the equation when it comes to accepting an uncomfortable idea: there is the acceptance of the uncomfortable idea and the rejection of the comforta…

Some More Uncomfortable Ideas

15 lessons

In this section, we cover The Self-Fulfilling Nature of Social Injustice Love Isn’t Always Beautiful, and You Don’t Love Everyone People Are Much More Selfish Than You Think “Microag…

Lesson 49: The Self-Fulfilling Nature of Social Injustice

10 min

Lesson 50: Love Isn’t Always Beautiful, and You Don’t Love Everyone

8 min
One often hears the expression “I will do anything for...” in combination with a declaration of love. This is a wonderful thing... if you are the object the love, otherwise, you might be s…

Lesson 51: People Are Much More Selfish Than You Think

8 min
Our behavior is controlled by our brains and most of what we believe to be selfless acts are far from selfless.

Lesson 52: “Microaggressions” Are Less Common and Less Problematic Than People Think

8 min

Lesson 53: Religious Ideas Are Protected By Motivated Reasoning More Than Any Other Class of Ideas

4 min
Ideas that challenge these sacred beliefs are the most uncomfortable; therefore, they are the most avoided, ignored, and dismissed.

Lesson 54: Adam, Eve, and the 6000 Year Old Universe

6 min
Works of fiction often have several “plot holes” that make the story more appealing, but only if you don’t think about the plot holes.

Lesson 55: The Soul

5 min
Given everything we know about the human brain, it is clear that the mind is a function of the brain.

Lesson 56: The Christian Bible

5 min
Lacking education in world religions, many people are not even aware of these other texts and are convinced that the holy book of their particular religion, from their particular culture, is the one &…

Lesson 57: The “Goodness” of the Biblical God

7 min
“The God of the Old Testament is arguably the most unpleasant character in all fiction: jealous and proud of it; a petty, unjust, unforgiving control-freak; a vindictive, bloodthirsty ethnic cle…

Lesson 58: Belief and Faith

4 min

Lesson 59: Being an Atheist Doesn’t Make You Smarter and Certainly Not Better at Critical Thinking

11 min
There are literally dozens of studies and scientific polls that look at intelligence and religious belief. When evaluating all the available research, we find that there is no compelling evidence that…

Lesson 60: If You’re Offended, You’re Part of the Problem

13 min
No one can offend you without your consent.

Lesson 61: It is Okay to Change Your Mind

8 min
We need to accept the uncomfortable idea that we are not right all the time, and that admitting we were wrong brings us one step closer to actually being right.

Lesson 62: Concluding Thoughts

6 min
You have been exposed to hundreds of uncomfortable ideas in this book, and hopefully, you have entertained rather than dismissed them.
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