Humanities Philosophy

Introduction to Philosophy

A guided tour of life’s central questions, from ancient arguments to modern dilemmas

Introduction to Philosophy logo
Quick Course Facts
19
Self-paced, Online, Lessons
19
Videos and/or Narrated Presentations
6.8
Approximate Hours of Course Media
About the Introduction to Philosophy Course

Introduction to Philosophy is a Humanities course that offers a clear, engaging path into the questions that have shaped human thought for centuries. Through ancient arguments, modern dilemmas, and practical tools for reasoning, students will build stronger critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of themselves, society, and the world.

Explore Humanities Through Philosophy’s Central Questions

  • Take a guided tour of life’s central questions, from ancient arguments to modern dilemmas.
  • Learn how to evaluate claims, reasons, objections, and replies with confidence.
  • Study major philosophers including Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, Kant, and existentialist thinkers.
  • Apply philosophical thinking to ethics, politics, technology, identity, justice, and public life.

This Introduction to Philosophy course introduces the essential ideas, methods, and debates at the heart of the Humanities.

Students begin with the foundations of philosophical thinking: wonder, questioning, reason, and the structure of strong arguments. From there, the course moves through ancient philosophy, exploring Socrates and the examined life, Plato’s theory of reality and knowledge, and Aristotle’s approach to virtue, purpose, and human flourishing.

The course then examines the relationship between faith and reason, the search for certainty, the limits of experience, and the structure of human understanding. Students will consider major questions in metaphysics, consciousness, personal identity, free will, and moral responsibility while learning how philosophical traditions approach disagreement and uncertainty.

Later lessons connect philosophy to everyday life through moral philosophy, applied ethics, political philosophy, existentialism, feminist thought, and social philosophy. By the end, students will be better prepared to think critically about public life, recognize hidden assumptions, evaluate complex issues, and engage Humanities questions with clarity, curiosity, and intellectual discipline.

Course Lessons

Full lesson breakdown

Lessons are organized by topic area and each includes descriptive copy for search visibility and student clarity.

Foundations of Philosophical Thinking

2 lessons

This opening lesson introduces philosophy as a disciplined practice of asking basic questions, testing reasons, and examining assumptions. Rather than treating philosophy as a list of opinions or abst…

Lesson 2: How Arguments Work: Claims, Reasons, Objections, and Replies

21 min
This lesson introduces the basic anatomy of philosophical argument: claims, reasons, assumptions, objections, and replies. Students learn how to distinguish an argument from an opinion, identify what …

Ancient Philosophy

3 lessons

Lesson 3: Socrates and the Examined Life

20 min
In this lesson, Professor Amanda Davis introduces Socrates as a defining figure in ancient philosophy and explains why his life, method, and trial still matter. Rather than presenting philosophy as a …

Lesson 4: Plato: Reality, Knowledge, and the Forms

22 min
This lesson introduces Plato’s account of reality, knowledge, and the Forms, focusing on why he thought philosophy must look beyond ordinary sense experience. Students examine the distinction between …

Lesson 5: Aristotle: Virtue, Purpose, and Human Flourishing

22 min
In this lesson, Professor Amanda Davis introduces Aristotle’s ethics as a practical inquiry into how human beings can live well. Rather than beginning with rules, consequences, or divine commands, Ari…

Philosophy, Religion, and Reason

1 lesson

Lesson 6: Faith, Reason, and Medieval Philosophy

19 min
This lesson explores how medieval philosophers tried to understand the relationship between religious faith and rational inquiry. Rather than treating the Middle Ages as a gap between ancient and mode…

Knowledge and Skepticism

3 lessons

Lesson 7: Descartes and the Search for Certainty

21 min
In this lesson, students examine René Descartes’s attempt to find a foundation for knowledge that could survive radical doubt. We focus on the method of doubt, the dream argument, the evil demon hypot…

Lesson 8: Empiricism: Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and the Limits of Experience

23 min
This lesson introduces British empiricism as a major answer to the question of where human knowledge comes from. Instead of beginning with innate ideas or pure reason, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume argue …

Lesson 9: Kant and the Structure of Human Understanding

24 min
This lesson explains Immanuel Kant’s response to the skeptical challenges raised by empiricism, especially Hume’s doubts about causation, necessity, and the limits of experience. Kant argues that the …

Reality, Mind, and Self

3 lessons

Lesson 10: Metaphysics: What Is Real?

20 min
This lesson introduces metaphysics, the branch of philosophy that asks what reality is like at the most basic level. Students examine why questions about existence, objects, minds, identity, possibili…

Lesson 11: Mind and Body: Consciousness, Identity, and the Self

23 min
This lesson examines one of philosophy’s most persistent puzzles: how conscious experience, personal identity, and the sense of self fit into a world that appears to be physical. Students will compare…

Lesson 12: Free Will, Determinism, and Moral Responsibility

22 min
This lesson examines one of philosophy’s most practically urgent questions: whether human beings can be morally responsible if their choices are shaped by causes beyond their control. Students will di…

Moral Philosophy

3 lessons

Lesson 13: Ethics I: Consequences, Duties, and Moral Rules

23 min
This lesson introduces two major approaches in moral philosophy: consequentialism , which judges actions by their outcomes, and deontological ethics , which judges actions by duties, rights, and moral…

Lesson 14: Ethics II: Virtue, Care, and Character

21 min
This lesson shifts moral philosophy from rules and outcomes toward character, relationships, and moral perception . We examine virtue ethics, especially Aristotle’s idea that ethics asks what kind of …

Lesson 15: Applied Ethics: Life, Technology, Animals, and the Environment

24 min
This lesson shows how moral philosophy becomes practical when it meets urgent public questions: medical decisions, emerging technologies, treatment of animals, and environmental responsibility. Rather…

Society and Meaning

3 lessons

Lesson 16: Political Philosophy: Authority, Rights, and Justice

23 min
This lesson introduces political philosophy as the study of authority, rights, justice, and the moral limits of state power. Students examine why governments claim legitimacy, why citizens might have …

Lesson 17: Existentialism: Freedom, Anxiety, and Authenticity

22 min
This lesson introduces existentialism as a philosophical response to modern life: a world in which inherited authorities, religious certainty, and social roles no longer automatically tell us who we a…

Lesson 18: Feminist and Social Philosophy: Power, Recognition, and Exclusion

22 min
This lesson introduces feminist and social philosophy as a way of examining how power shapes knowledge, identity, freedom, and belonging. Rather than treating society as a neutral background, we ask h…

Philosophy in Practice

1 lesson

Lesson 19: Philosophy Today: Critical Thinking in Public Life

20 min
This lesson brings the course into public life. Philosophy is not only a history of abstract arguments; it is also a disciplined way of asking what follows from a claim, who bears the burden of proof,…
About Your Instructor
Professor Amanda Davis

Professor Amanda Davis

Professor Amanda Davis guides this AI-built Virversity course with a clear, practical teaching style.